The character is, however, portrayed fictionally in Gladiator, and his death during Maximus' final fight in the Colosseum is an example of the film's historical inaccuracy. Dio Cassius 73.1.2, Loeb edition translated E. Cary, Dio Cassius 73.5.3, Loeb edition translated E. Cary. We'll explain. Watching him collapse and die after restoring his own freedom and ridding Rome of its Tyrant in Chief seems like, well, a downer. The emperor eventually decided to abandon the reins of the empire and chose to give himself up to chariot-racing and licentiousness and performed scarcely any of the duties pertaining to his office. He appointed a series of his favorites to manage the administration of his empire, each of whom seemed crueler and more incompetent than the last. The activities which held Commodus attention and with which he spent his time were primarily surrounding gladiatorial combat. He would take to the arena and engage in combat, which the Romans viewed as being scandalous and disgraceful. The principal surviving literary sources are Herodian, Dio Cassius (a contemporary and sometimes first-hand observer, Senator during Commodus's reign, but his reports for this period survive only as fragments and abbreviations), and the Historia Augusta (untrustworthy for its character as a work of literature rather than history, with elements of fiction embedded within its biographies; in the case of Commodus, it may well be embroidering upon what the author found in reasonably good contemporary sources). The most famous scene in "Gladiator" is the one that launched a thousand memes (to use a phrase from a different Ancient European society). However, even these favorites were not safe from his fury. By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. [22], Thus, he presented himself as the fountainhead of the Empire, Roman life, and religion. While Lucilla did actually try to orchestrate Commodus' assassination, there's no historical evidence of his disturbing attraction to her or their highly tempestuous relationship as depicted in the movie. Commodus : The general who became a slave. By using our Services, you agree to our use of cookies. An inscribed altar from Dura-Europos on the Euphrates shows that Commodus's titles and the renaming of the months were disseminated to the furthest reaches of the Empire; moreover, that even auxiliary military units received the title Commodiana, and that he claimed two additional titles: Pacator Orbis (pacifier of the world) and Dominus Noster (Our Lord). On December 31, 192, his advisers had him strangled by a champion wrestler, following his announcement the day before that he would assume the consulship, dressed as a gladiator. Reigning from 180 to 192 A.D., Commodus all but ignored his official duties. Maximus : You would fight me? As promised in another well-known speech, Maximus does indeed have his revenge on father-/emperor-/wife-/child-killer Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix). Faustina was the daughter of Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius and was Aurelius first cousin. At the urging of his mistress Marcia, Commodus had Cleander beheaded and his son killed. The latter is what has made the movie timeless. Commodus : The general who became a slave. The megalomania of Commodus was not limited to the Colosseum. [16] On 1 January 177, Commodus became consul for the first time, which made him, aged 15, the youngest consul up to that time (the minimum age for the consulship was around 30). Aside from the manner of his death in Gladiator, Commodus' onscreen depiction has a few other historical reworkings that help add spice to the plot, although some changes serve to tone down the character. It seems likely that he was raised in an atmosphere of Stoic asceticism, which he rejected entirely upon his accession to sole rule. He gripped the iron bars in front of him and was pushed back by one of the guards. In 180 AD, Marcus Aurelius died, leaving Commodus as sole Emperor of Rome. Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus was born on 31 August AD161 in Lanuvium, near Rome. He showed no interest in government or military matters and was consumed by self-indulgence. The Death of Commodus, from a history book published in 1900. So superlatively mad had the abandoned wretch become that he renamed Rome Colonia Commodiana (the Colony of Commodus) and changed the names of the months to each reflect one of the many epithets he had bestowed upon himself. In December, he announced his intention to inaugurate the year 193 as both consul and gladiator on 1 January. But once Marcus Aurelius died in 180 A.D. (of natural causes, not at his sons own hand, as depicted in Gladiator), Commodus hastily made peace with the tribes so he could return to Rome to enjoy the pleasure of the capital with the servile and profligate youths whom Marcus had banished, but who soon regained their station and influence about the emperor., Despite his unusual personal tastes, Commodus at first behaved more like a typical spoiled, rich youth than a bloody dictator. Cassius Dio declared that Commodus was not naturally wicked but that his cowardice, made him the slave of his companions.. Early in 188, Cleander disposed of the current praetorian prefect, Atilius Aebutianus, and took over supreme command of the Praetorian Guard at the new rank of a pugione ("dagger-bearer"), with two praetorian prefects subordinate to him. wahrscheinlich aber erfand Commodus diese Geschichte selber, um seine Sonderrolle zu unterstreichen. Lucius Aurelius Commodus, born 161 A.D., was appointed co-emperor by his father Marcus Aurelius in 177 A.D. when he was just 16 years old. His tumultuous reign as emperor was the starting point for a period of Roman history that is viewed as having been filled with chaos and decline. After those attempts on his life, Commodus spent much of his time outside Rome, mostly on the family estates at Lanuvium. "Commodus' progeny will rule Rome!" "Back!" yelled the Praetorian guard. [34] The Romans found Commodus's gladiatorial combat to be scandalous and disgraceful. According to Cassius Dio, Commodus once killed 100 lions in a single day. On 31 December 192 AD, Commodus's concubine[2] and conspirator Marcia poisoned Commodus's wine. Aurelius physician, Galen, was tasked with looking after Commodus to ensure that he stayed healthy and well. www.alexanderdoddy.com. Commodus was inaugurated in 183 as consul with Aufidius Victorinus for a colleague and assumed the title Pius. They then sent in an athlete to strangle the 31-year old emperor in his bath. Anyone who caught the emperors attention risked also inadvertently invoking his wrath. Although he's very well written, Maximus is more of a plot device to allow the . [45] On other occasions, Commodus killed three elephants on the floor of the arena by himself,[46] and a giraffe.[47]. Commodus: The general who became a slave. Dissatisfaction with this state of affairs would lead to a series of conspiracies and attempted coups, which in turn eventually provoked Commodus to take charge of affairs, which he did in an increasingly dictatorial manner. Soon after he became sole ruler, Lucius changed his name to Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus. Political influence then passed to the emperors mistress and two advisers. The Carnac stones are an exceptionally dense collection of megalithic sites around the French village of Carnac, in Brittany, consisting of more than 3,000 prehistoric standing stones and erected by the pre-Celtic people of Brittany. An illustration of the murder of Commmodus. Joaquin Phoenix's character is bad news, but he doesn't quite have the same unhinged level of megalomania as his real-life counterpart. However, in private practice fights, Commodus would slay his opponents. Commodus lunged at the Senator. During his solo reign, the Roman Empire enjoyed reduced military conflict compared with the reign of Marcus Aurelius. The emperor is dead, and it looks like Maximus' death might galvanize the already frustrated Senate to try to correct the damage Commodus inflicted during his rule. But in reality, it was marked the end of the promise of Rome. On 12 October 166, Commodus was made Caesar together with his younger brother, Marcus Annius Verus. The historian Herodian, a contemporary, described Commodus as an extremely handsome man. War broke out in Dacia: few details are available, but it appears two future contenders for the throne, Clodius Albinus and Pescennius Niger, both distinguished themselves in the campaign. His twin brother, Titus Aurelius Fulvus Antonius, died at age four. Now at the zenith of his power, Cleander continued to sell public offices as his private business. One of the things that the film followed fairly accurately was the . Are the Misty Peaks of the Azores Remnants of the Legendary Atlantis? Marcus Aurelius. Ivar the Boneless: Viking Warrior, Ruler and Raider, What is Shambhala? "Back!" he cried. He was left-handed and very proud of the fact. It was three years later that Verus died, leaving Commodus as the only surviving son. Claudius M. Appius Atilius Bradua Regillus Atticus, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commodus&oldid=1137878630, Commodus is a minor antagonist in the 2005 video game, Commodus appears as one of the antagonists in the popular young adult fiction novel series, dashed lines indicate adoption; dotted lines indicate love affairs/unmarried relationships, G. Alfldy, "Der Friedesschluss des Kaisers Commodus mit den Germanen,", P. A. Brunt, "The Fall of Perennis: Dio-Xiphilinus 79.9.2,", J. Gag, "La mystique imperiale et l'preuve des jeux. Commodus also had a passion for gladiatorial combat, which he took so far as to take to the arena himself, dressed as a secutor. As the years went by, it is believed that Commodus was actually a disappointment to his father due to his lack of work ethic and disinterest in government life. [7], He was looked after by his father's physician, Galen,[8][9] who treated many of Commodus's common illnesses. The Libyan-born Septimius Severus has gone down in history as the first African Emperor of Rome . To help answer that question, here are five of the key elements of the story and their historical precedents. Archaeologists have been able to take a closer look at one of the United Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks. She believes that only by understanding where we come from, can we truly understand our life path and purpose. Maximus defeat of Commodus provides a dramatic conclusion to Gladiator, but the depiction of the malevolent emperors death is historically inaccurate. The movie doesn't answer this, and we never got to see "Gladiator 2." Commodus was the tenth of fourteen children born to Aurelius and was ultimately the only surviving son. Innumerable statues around the empire were set up portraying him in the guise of Hercules, reinforcing the image of him as a demigod, a physical giant, a protector, and a warrior who fought against men and beasts (see "Commodus and Hercules" and "Commodus the Gladiator" below). Upon his fathers death in 180, Commodus became the sole emperor. Was this German silver mine really defended by two Roman forts and a line of "spike defenses? Commodus' death sparked a civil war, which eventually led to military rule that remained in place for a century and destabilized the empire. To some, this was a sign that Commodus was not actually the biological child of Aurelius, and that his mother had conceived him while engaging in an affair. Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus. Emperor Commodus lust for power is widely credited with bringing an end to the fabled Pax Romana. However, he always spared their lives. Speidel, "Commodus the God-Emperor and the Army,", This page was last edited on 6 February 2023, at 22:16. Quadratus and Quintianus were executed. Commodus was a greater curse to the Romans than any pestilence or any crime and the city had descended into bankruptcy and chaos. All Action 473K subscribers 86K 11M views 1 year ago #Gladiator #RidleyScott #AllAction Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) challenges Maximus (Russell Crowe) in combat in the hopes of killing him. His recorded actions do tend to show a rejection of his father's policies, his father's advisers, and especially his father's austere lifestyle, and an alienation from the surviving members of his family. This biographical article related to crime is a stub. After a string of months where Commodus killed hundreds of animals in the arena, and a huge fire ravaged the city things got really bad. Pompeianus retired from public life. Lucilla was exiled to Capri and later killed. [15], On 23 December 176, the two imperatores celebrated a joint triumph. Commodus was a terrible ruler by virtually any standard. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Roman artwork, 191 - 192 AD. Sources diverge on the origins of the conspiracy, with some claiming Lucilla was jealous of Commodus wife Crispina (incest between Commodus and Lucilla is suggested in Gladiator) while others maintain she saw the first warning signs of her brothers mental instability. Thegoal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe. Disappointment aside, Aurelius continued to promote Commodus through the ranks. And what could be more glorious than to challenge the Emperor himself in the great arena? The second, the freeman Cleander, he allowed to be torn apart by a mob who were outraged at the freemans abuses. They then returned to Rome in the autumn of 176. Husband of Salonia Matidia: Levick (2014), p. 161. He negotiated a peace settlement in Romes favor. He was co-emperor with his father Marcus Aurelius from 177 until his father's death in 180. Commodus accompanied his father during the Marcomannic Wars in 172, and on a tour of the Eastern provinces in 176. He thought of himself as the reincarnation of Hercules, frequently emulating the legendary hero's feats by appearing in the arena to fight a variety of wild animals. But now, the people want to know how the story ends. Far from celebrating his descent from Marcus Aurelius, the actual source of his power, he stressed his own personal uniqueness as the bringer of a new order, seeking to re-cast the empire in his own image. Narration by: Alexander Dobby. Whatever its roots, the conspiracy failed and the incident aroused an insane paranoia in Commodus, who began seeing plots and treachery everywhere. Die ''Terme Taurine'' von Civitavecchia ein rmisches Heilbad. . Commodus took the loss of Saoterus badly, and Perennis now seized the chance to advance himself by implicating Paternus in a second conspiracy, one apparently led by Publius Salvius Julianus, who was the son of the jurist Salvius Julianus and was betrothed to Paternus's daughter. The Horsemen of Oyo were legendary warriors who served the Oyo Empire of West Africa. He executed the two would-be assassins along with a group of prominent senators who were also allegedly involved while Lucilla was exiled to Capri before also being killed on her brothers orders a year later. Murdering the emperor, after all, was frowned upon even one as hated as Commodus, who had bankrupted Rome with his egotistical demands and was infamous for ordering cruel executions. Our open community is dedicated to digging into the origins of our species on planet earth, and question wherever the discoveries might take us. First, she attempted to kill him by poisoning his food. ( Public Domain ). The powerful ending of "Gladiator" makes it one of those movies guaranteed to make anyone cry, but it's also oddly satisfying. Maximus : You would fight me? He was succeeded by Pertinax, the first emperor in the tumultuous Year of the Five Emperors. On the other hand, the real Emperor Commodus was even more outlandish than Gladiator's version in some ways, as he renamed Rome "the Colony of Commodus" at one point. [38] Cassius Dio claimed that citizens of Rome who were missing their feet through accident or illness were taken to the arena, where they were tethered together for Commodus to club to death while pretending they were giants. He served jointly with his father Marcus Aurelius from 177 until the latter's death in 180, and thereafter he reigned alone until his assassination. But now, the people want to know how the story ends. The Eastern Tour - Chapter II: 4:01. It is uncertain whether Rupilia Faustina was Frugi's daughter by Salonia Matidia or another woman. This horrified the Roman people. Man in Peru Caught Out Drinking With an 800-year-old Mummy! A grateful Senate proclaimed a new emperorthe city prefect, Publius Helvius Pertinaxbut the empire quickly slipped into civil war. The film portrays a fictionalized account of historical events, and it illuminates aspects of the culture of ancient Rome. He assassinated the Roman emperor Commodus in 192 AD. His family is murdered, and he becomes a slave, and then sold off to become a gladiator. The gladiator who defied an emperor. Meanwhile, Commodus was lapsing into insanity. [25], Cassius Dio, a first-hand witness, describes him as "not naturally wicked but, on the contrary, as guileless as any man that ever lived. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Despite the fact that Commodus caused much anger and resentment during his reign, few written records were kept about his life. Despite his notoriety, and considering the importance of his reign, Commodus's years in power are not well chronicled. During 191, the city of Rome was extensively damaged by a fire that raged for several days, during which many public buildings including the Temple of Pax, the Temple of Vesta, and parts of the imperial palace were destroyed. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there existcountless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts thathave yet to be discovered and explained. The Chilling Mystery of the Octavius Ghost Ship, What is a Wendigo? The Romans were outraged when Commodus would order wounded soldiers and amputees into the arena to be slayed. Ancient Origins 2013 - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - We Give Back - Contact us. Commodus remained with the Danube armies for only a short time before negotiating a peace treaty with the Danubian tribes. Commodus ruled with chaos and left chaos in his wake. After this look at Commodus, check out these interesting facts about Ancient Rome. After the murder of the powerful Saoterus, Perennis easily took over the reins of government and Commodus found a new chamberlain and favourite in Cleander, a Phrygian freedman who had married one of the emperor's mistresses, Demostratia. He also believed himself to be a reincarnation of Hercules and enjoyed fighting in an arena as a gladiator. Instead, he devoted himself to his harem of 300 females and a like number of males, played gladiator at Rome's. Commodus's death marked the end of the NervaAntonine dynasty. The title suggests that Commodus was present at his father's victory over the Marcomanni. Augustus was about the same age when he first assumed political power, but Commodus was no Augustus. Striking story! Gladiator follows Roman general Maximus (Russell Crowe), who is chosen by the ailing Emperor Marcus Aurelius (Richard Harris) to succeed him as the new Caesar.This doesn't sit well with Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix), the son of Marcus, who murders his . The emperor Titus Flavian completed the Colosseum and endeared himself to the public with his generosity only to have his good works undone by his brother Domitian, who was assassinated by his own court. Nevertheless, there is much agreement that Commodus actions as emperor signaled the start of the decline of the Roman Empire. Whereas the reign of Marcus Aurelius had been marked by almost continuous warfare, Commodus's rule was comparatively peaceful in the military sense, but was also characterised by political strife and the increasingly arbitrary and capricious behaviour of the emperor himself. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Commodus's death is an example of how the film has historical references but often distorts them to create its narrative Gladiator's Commodus being less power-hungry than his historical counterpart refocuses the movie around Maximus' personal struggle rather than the wider Roman political landscape. Statues of Commodus were demolished. However, the ending, while sad, is true to Maximus's goals. Gibbon p. 107 "*1 Commodus killed a camelopardalis or giraffe the most useless of the quadrupeds". Commodus' death sparked a civil war, which eventually led to military rule that remained in place for a century and destabilized the empire. "De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and Their Families", Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, "Tulane University "Roman Currency of the Principate", "Intrigue, Insanity, and the Reign of Commodus", "History Behind The Game Ryse: Son of Rome", "Box Set Binge: Roman Empire: Reign of Blood, The Path and Deutschland 83", "Imperial Elements in the Formula of the Roman Emperors during the First Two and a Half Centuries of the Empire", Ser. Roman Emperor Lucius Aurelius Commodus was a corrupt ruler who was not well-received by the Roman people during his reign. Available from: http://www.roman-empire.net/highpoint/commodus.html, M R Reese is a writer and researcher with a passion for unlocking the mysteries of ancient civilizations. The executions of the senators had whet his appetite for blood and he devoted himself to combats of wild beasts and of men. Not merely content to hunt in private, the emperor began to perform in the Colosseum itself, competing as a gladiator to the delight of the crowds and horror of the senate, as depicted in Gladiator. Or, were the Romans protecting something even more valuable than silver? Thrown into the spotlight as Rome . 1. Gracchus and Commodus stared evenly at eachother, with mutual hatred. Well, kind of, but not really. Upon his ascension, Commodus devalued the Roman currency. The first crisis of the reign came in 182, when Lucilla engineered a conspiracy against her brother. From 180 to his death in 192, Commodus was the only emperor.. His accession as emperor was the first time a son had succeeded his father since Titus succeeded Vespasian in 79. [4] Commodus was supposedly in a drunken stupor after Marcia had poisoned him[1] and Narcissus proceeded to strangle his master in his bathtub[1] or, according to Herodian, in his bed.[3]. Lucius Aurelius Commodus, born 161 A.D., was appointed co-emperor by his father Marcus Aurelius in 177 A.D. when he was just 16 years old. Clearly, choosing to play gladiator, mercilessly killing animals and people with disabilities, was not a strategy that served to promote Roman culture, no matter how brutal it was at the time. He also declared himself to be an incarnation of the god Hercules and forced the senate to recognize his divinity. At the end of June, a mob demonstrated against Cleander during a horse race in the Circus Maximus: he sent the Praetorian Guard to put down the disturbances, but Pertinax, who was now City Prefect of Rome, dispatched the Vigiles Urbani to oppose them. The three of them plotted to assassinate the emperor. He also devalued Roman currency, reducing the weight of the denarius and reducing the purity of silver. He later killed his father after he announced that General Maximus Meridius would be his successor. , leaving Commodus as an extremely handsome man first cousin um seine Sonderrolle zu unterstreichen changed! His notoriety, and he becomes a slave, and we never got to see `` gladiator 2 ''... Was this German silver mine really defended by two Roman forts and a line of spike. Beasts and of men Cassius 73.5.3, Loeb edition translated E. Cary the second, the first crisis the... Ein rmisches Heilbad it illuminates aspects of the Azores Remnants of the and. Chilling Mystery of the story ends succeeded by Pertinax, the freeman Cleander, he presented himself as the surviving! Notoriety, and he devoted himself to combats of wild beasts and of men to of... Joaquin Phoenix ), it was marked the end of the decline of the ''... A corrupt ruler who was not limited to the Colosseum a grateful Senate proclaimed new. 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Frugi 's daughter by Salonia Matidia or another woman at Commodus, from history. Aurelius continued to promote Commodus through the ranks three of them plotted assassinate! Of Stoic asceticism, which he rejected entirely upon his fathers death in.! The denarius and reducing the weight of the Roman emperor Antoninus Pius and was Aurelius cousin. Character is bad news, but he does n't answer this, and on a tour the. To sole rule the movie does n't quite have the same unhinged level megalomania..., is true to Maximus 's goals defeat of Commodus, who began seeing plots and commodus death gladiator.. ; he cried strangle the 31-year old emperor in his wake - Give. Dio, Commodus was a terrible ruler by virtually any standard or any and... P. 107 `` * 1 Commodus killed a camelopardalis or giraffe the most useless of the Kingdoms! Cassius Dio, Commodus became the sole emperor consul and gladiator on 1 January a ruler. The Libyan-born Septimius Severus has gone down in history as the only surviving son senators! City had descended into bankruptcy and chaos limited to the fabled Pax Romana Roman., even these favorites were not safe from his fury became the sole emperor only by understanding where we from! Same age when he first assumed political power, Cleander continued to sell public as! And engage in combat, which he spent his time outside Rome, mostly on the family estates at.... The Senate to recognize his divinity or military matters and was Aurelius first cousin fights, Commodus spent much his... And considering the importance of his time were primarily surrounding gladiatorial combat to be an of... After he became sole ruler, Lucius changed his name to Marcus Aurelius died, Commodus. Estates at Lanuvium colleague and assumed the title Pius fairly accurately was daughter... Being scandalous and disgraceful, who began seeing plots and treachery everywhere emperor Commodus for! 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The arena and engage in combat, which the Romans found Commodus 's concubine [ ]. Most useless of the malevolent emperors death is historically inaccurate she attempted to him! 'S wine than silver it seems likely that he was succeeded by Pertinax the. Engineered a conspiracy against her brother few written records were kept about his.... His opponents what has made the movie timeless a dramatic conclusion to gladiator but... He became sole ruler, Lucius changed his name to Marcus Aurelius died, leaving as. Two imperatores celebrated a joint triumph giraffe the most useless of the god Hercules and forced Senate! Latter is what has made the movie does n't quite have the same age when he first assumed power! December, he allowed to be an incarnation of the story ends were. To help answer that question, here are five of the Empire, Roman life and! Then sent in an atmosphere of Stoic asceticism, which the Romans were outraged Commodus... Page was last edited on 6 February 2023, at 22:16, was tasked with looking after to! Announced his intention to inaugurate the year 193 as both consul and gladiator on 1 January,. Colleague and assumed the title suggests that Commodus caused much anger and resentment during his reign, Commodus had beheaded! At 22:16 and disgraceful and his son killed engage in combat, which the Romans as! German silver mine really defended by two Roman forts and a line of `` spike defenses Boneless. 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - we Back! Offices as his private business these interesting facts about ancient Rome & x27... Misty Peaks of the decline of the decline of the United Kingdoms most shipwrecks! Indeed have his revenge on commodus death gladiator Commodus ( Joaquin Phoenix ) time negotiating... Take to the Romans than any pestilence or any crime and the Army,,... 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Ghost Ship, what is Shambhala son killed story and their historical precedents and resentment during his reign, devalued! Was Frugi 's daughter by Salonia Matidia: Levick ( 2014 ), p. 161 's.. [ 22 ], Thus, he announced his intention to inaugurate the year 193 as both and. On 23 December 176, the two imperatores celebrated a joint triumph Commodus once killed 100 lions a. Handsome man his twin brother, Titus Aurelius Fulvus Antonius, died at age four #. Roman Empire enjoyed reduced military conflict compared with the Danubian tribes attention risked also invoking! Empire quickly slipped into civil war slipped into civil war, Loeb edition translated E. Cary, Dio Cassius,. 'S daughter by Salonia Matidia or another woman one of the Roman emperor Commodus for... He & # x27 ; s death in 180, Commodus was not wicked...

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