About Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. [67], On June 14, 1853, Longfellow held a farewell dinner party at his Cambridge home for his friend Nathaniel Hawthorne, who was preparing to move overseas. [9] His mother encouraged his enthusiasm for reading and learning, introducing him to Robinson Crusoe and Don Quixote. Longfellow laid the groundwork for other authorial careers by persuading readers of the importance of art as well as by demonstrating how literature could be turned into a paying proposition in a country known for material ambition. Also at age 13 he passed the entrance examinations for Bowdoin College, although his parents chose to have both Henry and Stephen complete their freshman studies at Portland Academy and delay the 20-mile move to Brunswick and the new college until their sophomore year. His father was a lawyer, and his maternal grandfather was Peleg Wadsworth, a general in the American Revolutionary War and a Member of Congress. C.S. He achieved a level of national and international prominence previously unequaled in the literary history of the United States and is one of the few American writers honored in the Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbeyin fact, he is believed to be the first as his bust was installed . Despite the frustrations Longfellow experienced in his new vocation, there was personal happiness. [66] Longfellow published his epic poem Evangeline for the first time a few months later on November 1, 1847. As he had honored European poets by translating their work into English, he lived to see his own poems translated into 24 languages. But parody did nothing to undermine the success of the book; even more marketable than Evangeline, Hiawatha sold 50,000 copies by 1860 and earned 7,000 dollars in royalties in its first decade. Marion 2. . [18] He published nearly 40 minor poems between January 1824 and his graduation in 1825. [27] Irving encouraged the young Longfellow to pursue writing. In many ways Longfellow may be read as a friend of American multiculturalism even if Hiawatha ultimately exocitizes Native peoples and their culture. [81] It went through four printings in its first year. Previous boarders included Jared Sparks, Edward Everett, and Joseph Emerson Worcester. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow is born on 27 February in Portland, Maine, the second of eight children of the lawyer Stephen Longfellow and his wife, Zilpah Wadsworth Longfellow. The antislavery sentiments he expressed in Poems on Slavery that same year, however, lacked the humanity and power of John Greenleaf Whittiers denunciations on the same theme. [50] Poet John Greenleaf Whittier said that Longfellow's poetry illustrated "the careful moulding by which art attains the graceful ease and chaste simplicity of nature". Priscillas rebuke to the man she chooses as her lover is surely the most familiar line of this dactylic hexameter poem, when she Said, in a tremulous voice, Why dont you speak for yourself, John? The book that supplemented this poem with a group of shorter works sold well (25,000 copies printed in the first two months following its publication) but elicited fewer reviews than Evangeline or Hiawatha. The next decade proved one of leave-takings for Longfellow but also of exceptional accomplishment. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow/Prini. [95] As he says, "what a writer asks of his reader is not so much to like as to listen". Longfellow HouseWashington's Headquarters National Historic Site, Category:Novels by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Category:Poetry by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, "Family relationship of Richard Warren and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow via Richard Warren", "Direct Ancestors of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow", "Value of 1826 dollars today | Inflation Calculator", "Longfellow Park (U.S. National Park Service)", Poems by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and biography at PoetryFoundation.org, Works by or about Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: Profile and Poems at Poets.org, Public Poet, Private Man: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow at 200, Longfellow's Translation of Dante rendered side by side with that of Cary and Norton, Famous Quotations by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow&oldid=1136535888, This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 20:47. [29], On August 27, 1829, he wrote to the president of Bowdoin that he was turning down the professorship because he considered the $600 salary "disproportionate to the duties required". [3] His mother was descended from Richard Warren, a passenger on the Mayflower. [119] In the last two decades of his life, he often received requests for autographs from strangers, which he always sent. [68] In 1854, he retired from Harvard,[69] devoting himself entirely to writing. Test. [104], Toward the end of his life, contemporaries considered him as more of a children's poet,[130] as many of his readers were children. The Harvard Classics. Now that he had discovered his voice and his audience as a poet, Longfellow achieved personal happiness as well. Longfellow completed his writing on his 40th birthday. Full Name: Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 1807-1882. Analyzes how henry wadsworth longfellow refined american literature by reminding americans of their roots and in the process became an american icon himself. Tributes of many kinds testified to public affectionvisits to Craigie House by prominent literary and political figures and even the emperor of Brazil, public tributes, and escalating requests for autographs. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Even if time has proved him something less than the master poet he never claimed to be, Longfellow made pioneering contributions to American literary life by exemplifying the possibility of a successful authorial career, by linking American poetry to European traditions beyond England, and by developing a surprisingly wide readership for Romantic poetry. In the book, Myles fancied Priscilla but was too shy to tell her . [19] About 24 of them were published in the short-lived Boston periodical The United States Literary Gazette. American poet and educator. Much of the charm of the poem lies in its evocation of place, from the pastoral Grand-Pr, where Benedict Bellefontaine, Evangelines father, dwelt on his goodly acres, through the bayous of Louisiana, where the Acadian blacksmith Basil Lajeunesse, Gabriels father, achieves new prosperity as a rancher, through the forests of French mission territory at the base of the Ozarks, where Evangeline ventures in seeking Gabriel, all the way to Philadelphia, where the aged heroine finds her lover dying in a hospital for plague victims and where they are buried together. Most of his publications for the next few years involved textbooks for students of Spanish, French, and Italian. [37], In December 1834, Longfellow received a letter from Josiah Quincy III, president of Harvard College, offering him the Smith Professorship of Modern Languages with the stipulation that he spend a year or so abroad. His first major poetry collections were Voices of the Night (1839) and Ballads and Other Poems (1841). Why did Henry Wadsworth Longfellow write a Psalm of Life? Born on February 27, 1807, in Portland (while Maine was still a part of Massachusetts), Henry Wadsworth Longfellow grew up in the thriving coastal city he remembered in My Lost Youth (1856) for its wharves and woodlands, the ships and sailors from distant lands who sparked his boyish imagination, and the historical associations of its old fort and an 1813 offshore naval battle between American and British brigs. [2] He grew up in what is now known as the Wadsworth-Longfellow House. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27, 1807 March 24, 1882) was an American poet and educator. See also the Longfellow entry in DLB 59: American Literary Critics and Scholars, 1800-1850. [58] A critic for The Dial agreed, calling it "the thinnest of all Mr. Longfellow's thin books; spirited and polished like its forerunners; but the topic would warrant a deeper tone". Hoffmann,Hans Christian Andersen,William Butler Yeats,Henry van Dyke,Leo . Answer and Explanation: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow had six children. Although sales of individual later volumes never matched the popularity of his mid-career offerings, Longfellow lived to experience recognition and rewards seldom enjoyed by other writers. In Switzerland, France, Italy, Austria, and Germany he was welcomed and honored. His travel sketches, Outre-Mer (1835), did not succeed. Date November 21, 2019. [57], The small collection Poems on Slavery was published in 1842 as Longfellow's first public support of abolitionism. 'When We Two Parted' 8. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote sixteen volumes of poetry, including some long poems. For immediate publication, in three months beginning late in 1857 he composed the title poem for The Courtship of Miles Standish and Other Poems (1858). Fanny Kemble performed this poem in dramatic readings, bringing herself and audiences to tears in the memorable emotional crescendo of the last stanza with its invocation to an imperiled country that is nonetheless the best hope for the world: Thou, too, sail on, O Ship of State! Written for the 15th reunion of his Bowdoin College class, it is a memorable reflection on aging and is Longfellows most admired ode. Cookouts, fireworks, and history lessons recounted in poems, articles, and audio. 'I Would I Were a Careless Child' 6. and cease repining; Behind the cloud is the sun still shining; Thy fate is a common fate of all, Into each life some rain must fall." Longfellow is rightrain comes at different times to all of us. This harsh critical assessment, which tried to reduce him to the status of a mere hearthside rhymer, was perhaps as unbalanced as the adulation he had received during his lifetime. Longfellow himself recognized that most of his poems belonged to the imitative rather than the imaginative school of art that his spokesman Paul Flemming distinguished in Hyperion. He became the most popular American poet of his day and had success overseas. In his years there, he earned a reputation as being very studious and became fluent in Latin. That bridge was replaced in 1906 by a new bridge which was later renamed the Longfellow Bridge. In 1829 he returned to the United States to be a professor and librarian at Bowdoin. Although the title character, the liberal-minded young minister of a rural New England church, is the central figure of a love triangle involving two close female friends, Cecilia Vaughan and Alice Archer, Longfellow probably took more interest in the schoolmaster, whose literary ambitions are continually frustrated by the press of teaching, fatherhood, and demands made on his time by an aspiring poetess. All were the children of his second wife, Fanny. However, as Longfellow himself wrote, the poems were "so mild that even a Slaveholder might read them without losing his appetite for breakfast". Longfellows immense popularity helped raise the status of poetry in his country, and he played an important part in bringing European cultural traditions to American audiences. [110] In preparing the volume, Longfellow hired Katherine Sherwood Bonner as an amanuensis. Both the poem and its singsong metre have been frequent objects of parody. [73] Longfellow's youngest daughter Annie explained the story differently some 50 years later, claiming that there had been no candle or wax but that the fire had started from a self-lighting match that had fallen on the floor. [106] He encouraged and supported other translators, as well. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, (born February 27, 1807, Portland, Massachusetts [now in Maine], U.S.died March 24, 1882, Cambridge, Massachusetts), the most popular American poet in the 19th century, known for such works as The Song of Hiawatha (1855) and "Paul Revere's Ride" (1863). Though its account of Reveres ride is historically inaccurate, the poem created an American legend. Family tree of Henry WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW. He followed this work with two fragmentary dramatic poems, Judas Maccabaeus and Michael Angelo. But his genius was not dramatic, as he had demonstrated earlier in The Spanish Student (1843). Although Paul Reveres Ride and The Birds of Killingworth, the most familiar of these poems today, give an impression of New England focus, the great majority had European settings and sources. Before he settled down in the university town of Gttingen, to which Ticknor had directed him, Longfellows approach to language acquisition was less systematic than impressionistic and even desultory. On this trip he visited England, Sweden, and the Netherlands. He possessed great metrical skill, but he failed to capture the American spirit like his great contemporary Walt Whitman, and his work generally lacked emotional depth and imaginative power. [78] He expressed his grief in the sonnet "The Cross of Snow" (1879) which he wrote 18 years later to commemorate her death:[43], Longfellow spent several years translating Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy. When did Henry Wadsworth Longfellow say music is the universal language of mankind? Test. Sweetness, gentleness, simplicity, and a romantic vision shaded by melancholy are the characteristic features of Longfellows poetry. There were still poems drawn from Longfellows travels and his readings in European literatures, but the most celebrated poem of the book was among his most patriotic pieces. [133] An editor of the Boston Evening Transcript wrote in 1846, "Whatever the miserable envy of trashy criticism may write against Longfellow, one thing is most certain, no American poet is more read". After a brief period of boarding on Professors Row in Cambridge, Longfellow found lodging in the Craigie mansion on Brattle Street, occupying the room that had once been George Washingtons headquarters. [46] It is preserved today as the Longfellow HouseWashington's Headquarters National Historic Site. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was one of the most widely known and best-loved American poets of the 19th century. Flower-de-Luce, a small book of 12 short poems, came out in 1867 with its elegy for Hawthorne and sonnets on Dante. [82] By 1868, Longfellow's annual income was over $48,000. 'Well! (L.M.) - The witches speak in trochaic tetrameter; incomplete, unsettling, incantatory method of speaking. After translating Dante, he returned to the task he had long intended as the capstone of his workthe three-part chronicle of Christianity and its virtues initiated with The Golden Legend. The New England Tragedies a pairing of John Endicott (1857) and Giles Corey of the Salem Farms (1868)on which he had begun working around the time he composed The Courtship of Miles Standish, appeared in 1868. Scientists at Harvard have just published the most comprehensive scientific study to date on music as a cultural product, which supports the American poet's pronouncement and examines what features of song tend to be shared across . Five years earlier Longfellow was one of many who believed the time for peace had passed with John Brown's execution for attempting to arm slaves . Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, (born February 27, 1807, Portland, Massachusetts [now in Maine], U.S.died March 24, 1882, Cambridge, Massachusetts), the most popular American poet in the 19th century, known for such works as The Song of Hiawatha (1855) and "Paul Revere's Ride" (1863). The most warmly received of such poems composed in the 1850s, however, was The Childrens Hour, which reflected the poets delight in his small daughters. M. Brook Taylor, "The Poetry and Prose of History: W. S. Tryon, "Nationalism and International Copyright: Tennyson and Longfellow in America,", Edward L. Tucker, "References in Longfellow's, S. Ullmann, "Composite Metaphors in Longfellow's Poetry,", Hyatt H. Waggoner, "Five New England Poets: The Shape of Things to Come," in his, Thomas Wortham, "William Cullen Bryant and the Fireside Poets," in. In essence, they needed to sell the tea to somebody, fast. In "Nature", for example, death is depicted as bedtime for a cranky child. That same year Longfellow published Hyperion, a romantic novel idealizing his European travels. Longfellows metric choice, which captures the beat of a tom-tom, exposed the poem to parody, as did its insistent repetitions and use of Native American words. 'Farewell! English Poetry III: From Tennyson to Whitman. Just like Henry Wadsworth Longfellow did I believe that EVERY interaction with customers, employees, stakeholders or stockholders, matters. As a memorial to their father, Longfellow's children donated land across Brattle Street and facing the family home to the City of Cambridge, which became Longfellow Park. The book spread like wildfire in both the United States and the United Kingdom. The first poem, Paul Reveres Ride, became a national favourite. There is little action in the story as Longfellow tells it: the Acadians submit quietly to British tyranny; Gabriels adventures take place out of sight; and Evangelines quest involves a good deal of travel, admittedly, but no conflict. The Complete Works of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: Paul Revere's Ride, The Song of Hiawatha, Evangeline, Christus: A Mystery, The Masque Of Pandora and More. BOSTON: TICKNOR AND FIELDS. Both Craigie House in Cambridge and the beach home in Nahant, Massachusetts, where the Longfellows summered from the 1850s became centers of hospitality extended to American and European guestsmany of them literary figuresand Longfellows many admirers. 1835 Some attribute the phrase to Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, who wrote in 1835, "Music is the universal language of mankind,poetry their universal pastime and delight."* [136] Many of his works helped shape the American character and its legacy, particularly with the poem "Paul Revere's Ride". The schoolchildren of Cambridge, Massachusetts presented him in 1879 with a chair carved from the wood of the spreading chestnut-tree immortalized in The Village Blacksmith. His picture appeared among Our American Poets in classrooms across the United States, thanks to Fieldss success in placing Longfellow, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Greenleaf Whittier, James Russell Lowell, and Oliver Wendell Holmes in textbooks that established canonical readings for many decades. Richard Henry Stoddard summed up Longfellows contribution in an 1881 essay, pointing out how Longfellow remained true to himself and to his scholarly impulses by creating and satisfying a taste for a literature which did not exist in this country until he began to write. In so doing, Longfellow had not only disseminated European stories, sensibilities, and versification but also enlarged our sympathies until they embrace other peoples than ours. Two decades later, Thomas Wentworth Higginson saluted his former professors contribution to American literature in enriching and refining it and giving it a cosmopolitan culture, and an unquestioned standing in the literary courts of the civilized world. The lovers, Evangeline and Gabriel, are reunited years later as Gabriel is dying. In 1839 he published Voices of the Night, which contained the poems Hymn to the Night, The Psalm of Life, and The Light of the Stars and achieved immediate popularity. Lewiss first love was poetry, and it enabled him to write the prose for which he is remembered. He toured Europe between 1826 and 1829, and upon returning, went on to become the first professor of modern . His continuing concerns about the place of poetry in American culture emerged, however, in his 1832 review essay on a new edition of Sir Philip Sidneys A Defence of Poetry, in which Longfellow argued that the true glory of a nation consists not in the extent of its territory, the pomp of its forests, the majesty of its rivers, the height of its mountains, and the beauty of its sky; but in the extent of its mental power,the majesty of its intellect,the height and depth and purity of its moral nature. Page I T A L E S OF A WAYSIDE INN BY HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW. [85] Longfellow accepted an offer from Joshua Chamberlain to speak at his fiftieth reunion at Bowdoin College, despite his aversion to public speaking; he read the poem "Morituri Salutamus" so quietly that few could hear him. He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1825 . one of the few truly successful English translations comes from Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, a professor of Italian at Harvard and an acclaimed poet. He was still writing learned essays for the North American Reviewthis time concentrating attention on Teutonic languages, including Swedish and early English. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. His model was Washington Irving, to whom he was introduced while in Spain, and Longfellow envisaged putting his experience to Irvingesque literary use. When an eye injury that may have resulted from his intensive editing and translating efforts for the massive The Poets and Poetry of Europe (1845) interfered with his writing, she helped by reading aloud for him, copying out his poem drafts, and handling much of his correspondence. [146] In 1884, Longfellow became the first non-British writer for whom a commemorative bust was placed in Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey in London; he remains the only American poet represented with a bust. According to Charvat, by shrewd, aggressive, and intelligent management of the business of writing, he raised the commercial value of verse and thereby helped other American poets to get out of the garret. Longfellow saw the . But his words also remind us that behind the clouds, the sun is always still shining. Other libraries with Longfellow materials include the Bowdoin College Library; the Massachusetts Historical Society; the Boston Public Library; the Pierpont Morgan Library; the Berg Collection, New York Public Library; the Library of Congress; the Clifton Wallen Barrett Library, University of Virginia; the Henry E. Huntington Library; the Parkman Dexter Howe Library, University of Florida; and the University of Washington Library. My . The volume In the Harbor, Ultima ThulePart 2 came out just after his death in 1882 and included his final composition, The Bells of San Blas (1882). [137] In the 20th century, literary scholar Kermit Vanderbilt noted: "Increasingly rare is the scholar who braves ridicule to justify the art of Longfellow's popular rhymings. In 1845, he published The Poets and Poetry of Europe, an 800-page compilation of translations made by other writers, including many by his friend and colleague Cornelius Conway Felton. In 1836 Longfellow returned to Harvard and settled in the famous Craigie House, which was later given to him as a wedding present when he remarried in 1843. She named this second son among her eight children for her brother, Henry Wadsworth, who had died in Tripoli harbor in 1804. Flashcards. [147] A public monument by Franklin Simmons was erected in Longfellows birthplace of Portland, Maine, in September 1888. Her husband, who sustained severe burns to his hands, arms, and face in smothering the fire, was left with severe facial sensitivities that precluded shaving thereafter and forced him to grow the patriarchal white beard so familiar from later portraits; he was also left with heavy responsibilities for his family and with intense grief. In 1855, using Henry Rowe Schoolcrafts two books on the Indian tribes of North America as the base and the trochaic metrics of the Finnish epic Kalevala as his medium, he fashioned The Song of Hiawatha (1855). , 1807 March 24, 1882 ) was an American poet and educator translated into 24 languages sketches Outre-Mer... Few years involved textbooks for students of Spanish, French, and It enabled him to the. A poet, Longfellow hired how many languages did henry wadsworth longfellow speak Sherwood Bonner as an amanuensis novel idealizing European! 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