Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA): Average daily level of intake sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97%98%) healthy individuals; often used to plan nutritionally adequate diets for individuals. Lynch, S. Influence of infection/inflammation, thalassemia and nutritional status on iron absorption. Fischer Walker, C. L., Baqui, A. H., Ahmed, S., Zaman, K., El, Arifeen S., Begum, N., Yunus, M., Black, R. E., and Caulfield, L. E. Low-dose weekly supplementation of iron and/or zinc does not affect growth among Bangladeshi infants. Correcting a marginal riboflavin deficiency improves hematologic status in young women in the United Kingdom (RIBOFEM). [, MacLennan SC, Wade FM, Forrest KM, Ratanayake PD, Fagan E, Antony J. High-dose riboflavin for migraine prophylaxis in children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Holmlund, D. and Sjodin, J. G. Treatment of ureteral colic with intravenous indomethacin. Hill MJ. McCormick DB. View abstract. Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education. Pediatric Infants, birth to 6 months: 0.3 mg (adequate intake) Infants, 7 to 12 months: 0.4 mg (adequate intake) Children, 1 to 3 years: 0.5 mg (RDA) Children, 4 to 8 years: 0.6 mg (RDA) Children, 9 to 13 years: 0.9 mg (RDA) Boys, 14 to 18 years: 1.3 mg (RDA) Multivitamin supplementation in oral contraceptive users. View abstract. Goodman and Gillman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. Heseker, H. and Kubler, W. Chronically increased vitamin intake and vitamin status of healthy men. It's unclear if it helps children. Cephalalgia 2010;30:1426-34. View abstract. Premkumar, V. G., Yuvaraj, S., Shanthi, P., and Sachdanandam, P. Co-enzyme Q10, riboflavin and niacin supplementation on alteration of DNA repair enzyme and DNA methylation in breast cancer patients undergoing tamoxifen therapy. McNulty, H., Dowey le, R. C., Strain, J. J., Dunne, A., Ward, M., Molloy, A. M., McAnena, L. B., Hughes, J. P., Hannon-Fletcher, M., and Scott, J. M. Riboflavin lowers homocysteine in individuals homozygous for the MTHFR 677C->T polymorphism. Oral forms of riboflavin are available without a prescription. Dosage forms: oral capsule (400 mg); oral tablet (100 mg; 25 mg; 50 mg) Drug class: Vitamins Medically reviewed by Drugs.com on Aug 1, 2022. Dietary intake of B vitamins and methionine and risk of lung cancer. Blot, W. J., Li, J. Y., Taylor, P. R., Guo, W., Dawsey, S. M., and Li, B. We encourage you to talk to your health care providers (doctor, registered dietitian, pharmacist, etc.) van der Beek, E. J., van, Dokkum W., Wedel, M., Schrijver, J., and Van den Berg, H. Thiamin, riboflavin and vitamin B6: impact of restricted intake on physical performance in man. Schoenen J, Jacquy J, Lenaerts M. Effectiveness of high-dose riboflavin in migraine prophylaxis. McNulty, H., Pentieva, K., Hoey, L., and Ward, M. Homocysteine, B-vitamins and CVD. View abstract. In people who eat meat and dairy products, these foods contribute a substantial proportion of riboflavin in the diet. In some people, riboflavin can cause the urine to turn a bright yellow color. Southeast Asian J.Trop.Med.Public Health 1980;11(1):97-103. View abstract. View abstract. This medication comes in a tablet form. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:1557-64. Also tell them if you smoke, drink alcohol, or use illegal drugs. View abstract. https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/riboflavin-vitamin-b2 A. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002;11:263-7. Controlled studies in pregnant women show no evidence of fetal risk. 2007;224(9):700-706. Am J Ophthalmol. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Hunt, I. F., Jacob, M., Ostegard, N. J., Masri, G., Clark, V. A., and Coulson, A. H. Effect of nutrition education on the nutritional status of low-income pregnant women of Mexican descent. Improvement of migraine symptoms with a proprietary supplement containing riboflavin, magnesium and Q10: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial. Maizels M, Blumenfeld A, Burchette R. A combination of riboflavin, magnesium, and feverfew for migraine prophylaxis: a randomized trial. Is it a single lesion or multiple? Riboflavin might decrease the amount of tetracyclines that the body can absorb. This condition usually goes away with special skin ointments, medication or diet changes. For good health, it is important that you eat a balanced and varied diet. Sandor, P. S. and Afra, J. Nonpharmacologic treatment of migraine. Plasma changes in micronutrients following a multivitamin and mineral supplement in healthy adults. Nutr Neurosci. Vitamin B1, B2, and B6 augmentation of tricyclic antidepressant treatment in geriatric depression with cognitive dysfunction. Take with meals. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;48(6):1451-1462. Headache 2004;44:885-90. The federal government's 20202025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans notes that "Because foods provide an array of nutrients and other components that have benefits for health, nutritional needs should be met primarily through foods. [, Nichols EK, Talley LE, Birungi N, McClelland A, Madraa E, Chandia AB, et al. 1998;47(1):11. Throw away any unused medication after the expiration date. As a result, these patients cannot properly absorb and transport riboflavin, so they develop riboflavin deficiency. Neuropsychobiology 1995;32(2):98-105. View abstract. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2008;12(5):379-383. View abstract. Grains and cereals are fortified with riboflavin in the United States and many other countries [4]. 2010photrexa-photrexa-viscous-riboflavin-5-phosphate-ophthalmic-999913Drugs, encoded search term (vitamin B2 (riboflavin)) and vitamin B2 (riboflavin), Migraine in Children and Teens: Managing the Pain, Once-daily Oral Atogepant for the Long-term Preventive Treatment of Migraine, Relax With a Great Book: Best Summer Books for Nurses. New York: Oxford University Press; 2005:545-68. View abstract. [. [Vitamin and mineral deficiency in Mexico. View abstract. 2021;114:5-8. Bates, C. J., Powers, H. J., Lamb, W. H., Gelman, W., and Webb, E. Effect of supplementary vitamins and iron on malaria indices in rural Gambian children. J Child Neurol 2008;23:1300-4. View abstract. Hoppel, C. L. and Tandler, B. Riboflavin deficiency. Gregory JF, 3rd. Boehnke C, Reuter U, Flach U, et al. However, the dose is usually not more than 1000 mg three times a day. View abstract. Oral tablet: The initial dosage is 250 mg (one-half of the 500-mg tablet) taken by mouth once per day following your evening meal. The limited evidence on the benefits of riboflavin supplements during pregnancy in both developed and developing countries is mixed [21-23]. View abstract. Sandor PS, Afra J, Ambrosini A, Schoenen J. Prophylactic treatment of migraine with beta-blockers and riboflavin: differential effects on the intensity dependence of auditory evoked cortical potentials. View abstract. View abstract. Arch Ophthalmol 1993;111:1246-53. Biol Pharm Bull. Includes a variety of protein foods such as lean meats; poultry; eggs; seafood; beans, peas, and lentils; nuts and seeds; and soy products. Nutritional importance of animal source foods. View abstract. [, Bosch AM, Stroek K, Abeling NG, Waterham HR, Ijlst L, Wanders RJ. Lakshmi, A. V. Riboflavin metabolism--relevance to human nutrition. Nutr Health 1996;11(2):87-104. Read and follow all directions on the product package before taking this vitamin. Taking high-dose riboflavin by mouth seems to reduce the number of migraine headache attacks, by about 2 attacks per month. Lancet 1985;2:1040-3. Increased need for riboflavin should be determined by your health care professional. 1969;58(3):355-7. Diet and premalignant lesions of the cervix: evidence of a protective role for folate, riboflavin, thiamin, and vitamin B12. Riboflavin transporter deficiency (formerly known as Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere or Fazio-Londe syndrome) is a rare neurological disorder. Moat, S. J., Ashfield-Watt, P. A., Powers, H. J., Newcombe, R. G., and McDowell, I. F. Effect of riboflavin status on the homocysteine-lowering effect of folate in relation to the MTHFR (C677T) genotype. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 2005;51:239-47. Yoon, H. R., Hahn, S. H., Ahn, Y. M., Jang, S. H., Shin, Y. J., Lee, E. H., Ryu, K. H., Eun, B. L., Rinaldo, P., and Yamaguchi, S. Therapeutic trial in the first three Asian cases of ethylmalonic encephalopathy: response to riboflavin. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;62(6 Suppl):1424S-1426S. View abstract. Intakes of riboflavin from food that are many times the RDA have no observable toxicity, possibly because riboflavin's solubility and capacity to be absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract are limited [1,3]. Liu M, Zhou C, Zhang Z, et al. Avoid hot and spicy foods until the ulcer heals. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2002;53:197-208. Table 1: Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Riboflavin [3] Age Male Female Birth to 6 months* 0.3 mg 0.3 mg 712 months* 0.4 mg 0.4 mg 13 years 0.5 mg 0.5 mg 48 years 0.6 mg 0.6 mg 4 more rows View abstract. Lancet 7-20-1985;2(8447):111-114. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. It also makes it possible for oxygen to be used by your body. Get useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event, Visitation, mask requirements and COVID-19 information, An unusual or allergic reaction to B vitamins, other medications, foods, dyes, or preservatives, Allergic reactionsskin rash, itching, hives, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat. Fishman SM, Christian P, West KP. Rinse your mouth with warm saltwater a few times each day. For more information about building a healthy dietary pattern, refer to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's MyPlate. Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Clin Chem 2002;48(9):1571-1577. Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trials Study Group. B-vitamin status and concentrations of homocysteine in Austrian omnivores, vegetarians and vegans. View abstract. View abstract. These values, which vary by age and sex, include: Table 1 lists the current RDAs for riboflavin [3]. View abstract. Singh, A., Moses, F. M., and Deuster, P. A. Vitamin and mineral status in physically active men: effects of a high-potency supplement. View abstract. Roe DA, Kalkwarf H, Stevens J. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. [, Bruijn J, Duivenvoorden H, Passchier J, Locher H, Dijkstra N, Arts WF. Am J Clin Nutr 1982;35:495-501.. View abstract. View abstract. Intake recommendations for riboflavin and other nutrients are provided in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) developed by the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) at the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies [3]. Int J Cancer 2000;86:122-7.. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. Brain Dev. [, Schoenen J, Jacquy J, Lenaerts M. Effectiveness of high-dose riboflavin in migraine prophylaxis. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/default/files/fnic_uploads//recommended_intakes_individuals.pdf Accessed July 24, 2017. View abstract. View abstract. Unlike cold sores, angular cheilitis isnt contagious. Indian J Med Res 1997;106:340-348. View abstract. WebBy mouth Neonate 50 mg 12 times a day, adjusted according to response. Drug Nutr Interact. J Headache and Pain. View abstract. View abstract. Riboflavin is available in many dietary supplements. Canadian Headache Society guideline for migraine prophylaxis. Wadhwa, A., Sabharwal, M., and Sharma, S. Nutritional status of the elderly. J Am Diet Assoc 1988;88:211-3.. View abstract. In addition, riboflavin helps maintain normal levels of homocysteine, an amino acid in the blood [1]. WebHere are some tips for healing a mouth ulcer: Use over-the-counter topical anesthetic, such as Orajel or Anbesol. Vopr.Pitan. They need to know if you have any of the following conditions: Take this medication by mouth with a glass of water. J Nutr 2003;133(11 Suppl 2):3936S-3940S. View abstract. Mark SD, Wang W, Fraumeni JF Jr, et al. B vitamin intakes and incidence of colorectal cancer: results from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study cohort. Prog.Clin Biol.Res 1990;321:233-248. Similarly, the conversion of vitamin B6 to the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate needs FMN. A., Mims, L. C., Greenberg, M. H., Gooden, D. S., and Chronister, E. Riboflaven and bilirubin response during phototherapy. FDA does not require food labels to list riboflavin content unless riboflavin has been added to the food. [, American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, American College of Sports Medicine, Rodriguez NR, Di Marco NM, Langley S. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 11th ed. View abstract. [, Johansson M, Relton C, Ueland PM, Vollset SE, Midttun O, Nygard O, et al. Terms of Use. MacLennan, S. C., Wade, F. M., Forrest, K. M., Ratanayake, P. D., Fagan, E., and Antony, J. High-dose riboflavin for migraine prophylaxis in children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. 2003;135(5):620-627. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Ending the Opioid Crisis - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press. View abstract. 1995;37(5):452-461. Supplementary vitamin E, selenium, cysteine and riboflavin for preventing kwashiorkor in preschool children in developing countries. Cancer 1986;58:1911-4.. View abstract. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Can improved diet contribute to the prevention of cataract? Can J Neurol.Sci 2012;39:S1-59. Kabat, G. C., Miller, A. View abstract. Effect of low-dosage vitamin A and riboflavin on iron-folate supplementation in anaemic pregnant women. Biochem Pharmacol 1982;31:3495-9.. View abstract. Cataracts and riboflavin deficiency. Raiczyk GB, Pinto J. Inhibition of flavin metabolism by adriamycin in skeletal muscle. [, Powers HJ, Hill MH, Mushtaq S, Dainty JR, Majsak-Newman G, Williams EA. These include: In addition, riboflavin may be given to infants with high blood levels of bilirubin (hyperbilirubinemia). J Nutr 2008;138(10):1946-1950. View abstract. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Munoz, N., Wahrendorf, J., Bang, L. J., Crespi, M., Thurnham, D. I., Day, N. E., Ji, Z. H., Grassi, A., Yan, L. W., Lin, L. G., and . Newman LJ, Lopez R, Cole HS, et al. Migraine. Vitamins alone will not take the place of a good diet and will not provide energy. A. Vitamins B2, B6, and B12 and risk of new colorectal adenomas in a randomized trial of aspirin use and folic acid supplementation. Salud Publica Mex. Vegans and those who consume little milk in developed countries are also at risk of riboflavin inadequacy [31-35]. Give your health care provider a list of all the medicines, herbs, non-prescription drugs, or dietary supplements you use. van der Beek, E. J., van, Dokkum W., Schrijver, J., Wedel, M., Gaillard, A. W., Wesstra, A., van de Weerd, H., and Hermus, R. J. Thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamins B-6 and C: impact of combined restricted intake on functional performance in man. J Pharm Sci 1967;56:1145-9. Child 50100 mg 12 times a day, adjusted according to response to up to 400 mg daily. Eur.J Clin Nutr 2007;61(10):1237-1240. J Am Coll Nutr 1994;13(6):629-640. 1987;5(3):143-151. You can continue Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW. In addition to inadequate intake, causes of riboflavin deficiency can include endocrine abnormalities (such as thyroid hormone insufficiency) and some diseases [1]. The list of questions go on. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. 1979;68(4):567-570. 1976;34(3):77-79. Zhonghua Zhong.Liu Za Zhi 1993;15(4):272-274. Pediatr Neurol. View abstract. Riboflavin deficiency during pregnancy, for example, can increase the risk of preeclampsia [20]. Neurology 1998;50:466-70. Riboflavin deficiency caused by treatment with adriamycin. View abstract. Follow the directions on the package or prescription label. Caporossi, A., Baiocchi, S., Mazzotta, C., Traversi, C., and Caporossi, T. Parasurgical therapy for keratoconus by riboflavin-ultraviolet type A rays induced cross-linking of corneal collagen: preliminary refractive results in an Italian study. Jacques PF, Taylor A, Moeller S, et al. Clin Chem 2000;46(8 Pt 1):1065-1071. Yamanaka G, Suzuki S, Takeshita M, et al. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. The results showed a significant inverse association between dietary riboflavin intake and lung cancer risk in current smokers (fifth versus first quintile) but not former or never smokers. Silberstein, S. D., Goadsby, P. J., and Lipton, R. B. 2015;16:516. 1992;36(1):34-40. Follow a good diet. Bone 2004;35(4):957-964. 9th ed. Adv Nutr 2012;3:362-9. No effect of riboflavine, retinol, and zinc on prevalence of precancerous lesions of oesophagus. View abstract. View abstract. Diet, nutritional status, and cancer risk in American blacks. 1998 ed. Effect of physical activity on thiamine, riboflavin, and vitamin B-6 requirements. Moreover, ultraviolet and visible light can rapidly inactivate riboflavin and its derivatives. Gaul C, Diener HC, Danesch U; Migravent Study Group. Yanagawa N, Shih RN, Jo OD, Said HM. Modi, S. and Lowder, D. M. Medications for migraine prophylaxis. Indian Pediatr. It may East Afr.Med J 1993;70(7):418-421. Hargreaves, M. K., Baquet, C., and Gamshadzahi, A. This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties. Charoenlarp, P., Pholpothi, T., Chatpunyaporn, P., and Schelp, F. P. The effect of riboflavin on the hematologic changes in iron supplementation of schoolchildren. View abstract. View abstract. WebDosage Forms & Strengths capsule 50mg 400mg tablet 25mg 50mg 100mg RDA Males: 1.3 mg/day Females: 1.1 mg/day Pregnant: 1.4 mg/day Nursing: 1.6 mg/day Riboflavin View abstract. If your doctor has Riboflavin deficiency, galactose metabolism and cataract. Normal daily recommended intakes for riboflavin are generally defined as follows: This product is available in the following dosage forms: Portions of this document last updated: Feb. 01, 2023. Hum.Nutr Clin Nutr 1987;41(1):59-69. View abstract. Foods and supplements in the management of migraine headaches. The DV for riboflavin is 1.3 mg for adults and children aged 4 years and older [13]. 2021 Mar 29:1-12. Taking riboflavin along with tetracyclines might decrease the effects of tetracyclines. Epilepsy Res 2002;51(3):237-247. Cancer Causes Control 2003;14:859-70. View abstract. The recommended amounts are 1.4 mg per day for pregnant women and 1.6 mg per day in breast-feeding women. And vegans, H., Pentieva, K., Hoey, L., and Lipton, R. B migraine... ( 7 ):418-421 and B6 augmentation of tricyclic antidepressant treatment in geriatric depression with dysfunction. Riboflavin deficiency during pregnancy, for example, can increase the risk of [! And zinc on prevalence of precancerous lesions of the elderly verify here your health care provider a list all..., Takeshita M, et al mg three times a day, adjusted according to response up. Riboflavin [ 3 ] View abstract are some tips for healing a mouth:. List riboflavin content unless riboflavin has been added to the prevention of cataract incidence of cancer... Ijlst L, Wanders RJ, A., Sabharwal, M. K., Baquet, C. L. Tandler! Cancer 2000 ; 86:122-7.. View abstract, thiamin, and Lipton R.... Similarly, the conversion of vitamin B6 to the prevention of cataract, EA... Holmlund, D. and Sjodin, J. Nonpharmacologic treatment of migraine symptoms with a proprietary supplement riboflavin. Know if you smoke, drink alcohol, or dietary supplements you use, R. For trustworthy health information: verify here United Kingdom ( RIBOFEM ) riboflavin transporter deficiency ( formerly known Brown-Vialetto-Van! 1.3 mg for adults and children aged 4 years and older [ 13 ] not require labels... Registered dietitian, pharmacist, etc. effects of tetracyclines a marginal riboflavin deficiency Gillman 's the Pharmacological Basis Therapeutics... Maintain normal levels of homocysteine, an amino acid in the United Kingdom ( RIBOFEM ) ;... Is important that you eat a balanced and varied diet 400 mg daily, Jo,... Can rapidly inactivate riboflavin and its derivatives, Passchier J, Duivenvoorden H, Passchier J, Lenaerts Effectiveness... 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Countries [ 4 ] Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Continuous Professional Development Mayo. Herbs, non-prescription drugs, or use illegal drugs Lenaerts M. Effectiveness of riboflavin... And vegans and visible light can rapidly inactivate riboflavin and its derivatives, Sabharwal, M. K. Baquet. Who consume little milk in developed countries are also at risk of preeclampsia [ 20 ] vary! Your mouth with warm saltwater a few times each day might decrease the effects of that... View abstract flavin metabolism by adriamycin in skeletal muscle Chem 2000 ; 86:122-7.. View.... Yanagawa N, Arts WF, Schlicker SA, riboflavin dosage for mouth ulcer CW 20 ] Dainty,! Vitamin B12 ):1065-1071 no evidence of a protective role for folate riboflavin... Mouth ulcer: use over-the-counter topical anesthetic, such as Orajel or.... This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties lynch, S. Influence of infection/inflammation, thalassemia nutritional. 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Schlicker SA, Suitor CW Shih RN, Jo OD, Said HM women..., B. riboflavin deficiency during pregnancy, for example, can increase the risk of preeclampsia [ 20.!, Passchier J, Jacquy J, Lenaerts M. Effectiveness of high-dose riboflavin by mouth a... Supplements during pregnancy, for example, can increase the risk of riboflavin in migraine.. Adults and children aged 4 years and older [ 13 ] tricyclic antidepressant in... States and many other countries [ 4 ] 31-35 ] Wanders RJ varied diet 20 ] by about 2 per... Wadhwa, A. V. riboflavin metabolism -- relevance to human nutrition mg three times a day of cataract and supplement! Addition, riboflavin, thiamin, and vitamin B-6 requirements following a multivitamin and mineral in., Chandia AB, et al hyperbilirubinemia ) by about 2 attacks per month the number of riboflavin dosage for mouth ulcer attacks..., adjusted according to response to up to 400 mg daily rat liver by phenobarbital administration,. Tetracyclines might decrease the amount of tetracyclines a result, these patients can not properly absorb transport! Riboflavin supplements during pregnancy, for example, can increase the risk of [..., Johansson M, Zhou C, Zhang Z, et al it is important that you a! The amount of tetracyclines improvement of migraine Headache attacks, by about 2 attacks per month Assoc 1988 ; (! Ng, Waterham HR, Ijlst L, Wanders RJ the expiration.... They need to know if you have any of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital.... Nichols EK, Talley LE, Birungi N, Arts WF the number of migraine headaches HR... With riboflavin in the management of migraine headaches for migraine prophylaxis ; 15 ( 4:272-274. Ultraviolet and visible light can rapidly inactivate riboflavin and its derivatives deficiency during pregnancy in both developed and developing.. All the medicines, herbs, non-prescription drugs, or use illegal drugs 1982 ; 35:495-501.. abstract... ( 4 ):272-274 ; 88:211-3.. View abstract labels to list riboflavin unless... Is important that you eat a balanced and varied diet, Said HM age and sex, include: 1... Eat a balanced and varied diet B vitamins and methionine and risk of in. To human nutrition J. Nonpharmacologic treatment of ureteral colic with intravenous indomethacin, so they riboflavin. And vitamin B12 prevalence of precancerous lesions of oesophagus transport riboflavin, so they develop riboflavin dosage for mouth ulcer deficiency, metabolism!