Map created by National Geographic Maps. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. It has coastlines on the Bay of Biscay (a part of the Atlantic Ocean) and the Mediterranean Sea.Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid, and the country is known for its long history, unique culture, strong economy, and very high living standards. 1. But, I agree - the lines are very blurred. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. International economic and military organizations developed on either side of the Iron Curtain. Read More: 25 Unbelievable Facts about North Korea that you must know. As Ive talked about fire (volcanoes), it wouldnt be right to leave ice out of the geography facts of Europe. Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula to the south of France and Andorra and to the east of Portugal. The greater part of Europe, however, combines low elevation with low relief. It has been somewhat problematical to pin down the biggest glacier in Europe because biggest is open to interpretation of length, depth and width, plus they can change quite dramatically in a short space of time. About 18% of all Europeans consider themselves as atheist or not religious. The EU accepts few candidates: member states must maintain a stable, democratic form of government, a free-market economy, and commitment to the rule of law.The rapid growth of the European Union, however, has caused a number of administrative and political tensions. The Kimmel Falls are in Hohe Tauen National Park and are one of Austrias most visited tourist attractions. Still another scheme with many adherents locates the continental boundary along the Aras River and the Turkish border, thereby putting Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia in Europe. That broad territory reveals no simple unity of geologic structure, landform, relief, or climate. The Netherlands is a country located in Northwestern Europe. Europes continuing economic achievements are evidenced by its high standard of living and its successes in science, technology, and the arts. The lowest terrain in Europe, virtually lacking relief, stands at the head of the Caspian Sea; there the Caspian Depression reaches some 95 feet (29 metres) below sea level. Kosovo is a. Examination of Turkey's topographic structure on a physical map of the world shows clearly the . The program highlights Europes rich cultural diversity, celebrates its cultural ties, and brings people of different European backgrounds together. The boundary continues to the Caspian Sea, the crest of the Caucasus Mountains (or, less commonly, the river Kura in the Caucasus), and on to the Black Sea. Around 10% of the world's population lives in Europe. Fortuitously, Europe has no continuous mountain obstacle aligned north-south, corresponding, for example, to the Western Cordillera of North America and the Andes Mountains of South America, that would limit access into western Europe from the ocean. This honor goes to Gouffre Mirolda in France. Asia is not Europe ;-). In 2005, the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons featuring Islamic subjects. The ancient, often mineral-laden rocks of the northwestern highlands, their contours softened by prolonged erosion and glaciation, are found throughout much of Iceland, in Ireland, and in northern and western Britain and Scandinavia. The debate surrounding the cartoons also intensified strained relations between the Islamic world and the West.In 2010, the French government dismantled illegal immigrant camps throughout France. Omissions? Il sito web di CORDIS prevede che JavaScript sia abilitato per funzionare correttamente. Iceland and the British Isles are special cases. Europe Facts | Religion: Most of the European people are Christians (76%) and there are smaller numbers of Muslims (6%) and Jews and other beliefs. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Certain countries and regions have even developed an identity or branding focused on specific products and exports.Scandinavian design, for instance, is primarily focused on fashion and home wares. Elevations in those areas are mainly between about 500 and 2,000 feet (150 and 600 metres), and many steep slopes are to be seen. Europe is home to two countries that are completely landlocked by Italy. 0. It looks at mountains and valleys, as well as rivers and oceans. These regional labels are used more for identification than for regional analysis. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. (The East and North European plains are known together as the European Plain.) Switzerland's small sizeits total area is about half that of Scotlandand its modest population give little indication of its international significance. Read important geography facts about Ireland and information about Ireland's landscapes, topography, and coastline. To contact our editors please use our contact form. This region is sparsely populated except in the Rhine, Rhne, Elbe, and Danube river valleys.Alpine MountainsThe Alpine Mountains include ranges in the Italian and Balkan peninsulas, northern Spain, and southern France. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Physical features, weather-related phenomena, and local resources had a deep impact on how historic European cultures prospered, interacted, and believed their world worked.The geography and climate of the Mediterranean region, for example, directly influenced Greek mythology. Greater Milan is the largest Metropolitan Area in Italy. Bitte aktivieren Sie JavaScript. Germany's largest wooded area,. The continents eastern boundary (north to south) runs along the Ural Mountains and then roughly southwest along the Emba (Zhem) River, terminating at the northern Caspian coast. Greater relief is found in those areas in the heart of western and central Europe where uplifted and faulted massifs survive from the Hercynian orogeny, a late Paleozoic period of mountain formation. The tallest mountain in Europe is Mount Elbrus in Russia. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. They are very detailed and are often produced on large sheets of paper. Actually, geographically Russia and former Soviet republics are Europe and always have been. Updates? During the harsh winter, the Sami ate all parts of the animal. Social Sci LibreTexts - Introduction to Europe, National Geographic - Europe: Physical Geography, Europe - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Europe - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), China says EU TikTok ban will harm business confidence, What time is it on moon? That civilization is distinguished from the rest of Europe by legacies of a medieval Mongol-Tatar domination that precluded the sharing of many of the innovations and developments of European Western civilization; it became further distinctive during the relative isolation of the Soviet period. Indebted countries must now deal with strict budgets and declining incomes while more financially stable countries are forcing taxpayers to help fund the financial rescue.The status of immigrants is also a source of tension and debate in Europe. Greeces many earthquakes, and the tsunamis they caused, were connected to the sea god Poseidon, known as the Earth Shaker. Cults and temples centered on Poseidon were built throughout the Aegean and Mediterranean seas as a means of appeasing the god.As maritime trade and exploration developed in the region, winds and currents connected to Poseidon became important in Greek mythology. Europes boundaries have been especially uncertain, and hence much debated, on the east, where the continent merges, without sundering physical boundaries, with parts of western Asia. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. The ultimate fate of the European Space Agency's JUICE mission could drastically change should it succeed in discovering that Ganymede's ocean is both potentially habitable and accessible. Ive enjoyed my journey through some facts of European geography hope you did too! Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, and North Macedonia constitute a contiguous landlocked agglomeration of eight countries in Central Europe and the Balkans, stretching from Geneva all the way to Skopje. Around 400 CE, the Alemanni, a Germanic tribe, invaded present-day northern Switzerland. Those are coastal and interior lowlands, central uplands and plateaus, the northwestern highlands, and southern Europe. By the end of the war, the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires collapsed and broke into a dozen separate nations. 16 S Sunwood Ln , Sandy, UT 84092 is a single-family home listed for-sale at $1,295,000. Here are 21 things about this amazing continent that may just surprise you. The consensus is, however, that the largest glacier in Europe is the Vatnajokull glacier in Iceland. 4. Le site web de CORDIS ncessite lactivation de JavaScript pour fonctionner correctement. The continent also comprises numerous islands, somenotably the Faroes and Icelandlocated at a distance from the mainland. The political cartoons sought to engage in the debate surrounding Muslim extremism. Europe is the second-smallest continent, but the third-largest in population. In the extreme northern part (northernmost Russia; Svalbard), bordering the Arctic Ocean, is tundra climate (Et). Antwerp is the biggest city of the country. You cannot download interactives. Turkey and Cyprus in particular, while geologically Asian, possess elements of European culture and may be regarded as parts of Europe. Encyclopedic entry. Traders and travelers also reported that the Europe beyond Greece possessed distinctive physical units, with mountain systems and lowland river basins much larger than those familiar to inhabitants of the Mediterranean region. Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. Geography of Europe Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. From the Greek perspective then, Europa was culturally backward and scantily settled. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Luxembourg is landlocked, separated from the North Sea by Belgium.. Moose, bear, and elk (Cervus canadensis) are native to the European taiga.Just south of the taiga is a mixture of coniferous and deciduous trees, including beech, ash, poplar, and willow. In 2000 the population was 857 million, using a definition which includes the whole of the transcontinental countries of Russia and Turkey. Yet it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that modern science was able to draw with some precision the geologic and geographic lineaments of the European continent, the peoples of which had meanwhile achieved domination overand set in motion vast countervailing movements amongthe inhabitants of much of the rest of the globe (see Western colonialism). Updated: 07/28/2022 Table of Contents You cannot download interactives. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. Europe extends from the island nation of Iceland in the west to the Ural Mountains of Russia in the east. Trade relations beyond its frontiers also drew the remoter regions into its sphere. The highest summit in Iceland is Hvannadals Peak, at 6,952 feet (2,119 metres), while Ben Nevis, the highest peak in Great Britain, stands at an elevation of only 4,406 feet (1,343 metres). The volcanoes of Lemnos, an island in the Mediterranean, and Mount Etna, on the island of Sicily, were believed to be the forges of Hephaestus, the Greek god of fire. Ukraine is the world's largest producer of sunflower seeds, and across every part of Ukraine, you'll see stunning fields of these yellow blooms. It is bounded by the North Sea in the north and west. Topography often records the various elevations of an area using a topographical map. Imperialism is a policy of extending a nations power and influence through diplomacy or military force. Today, this is the German-speaking region of the country.Around this same time, Roman conquerors took over present-day southern Switzerland. Steppe plains cover the north of Kazakhstan. She or he will best know the preferred format. The northern plains are delimited in the west by the Scandinavian mountains and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. The North European Plain, common to much of Poland, northern Germany, and Denmark, broadens in western France and continues, across the narrow seas, in southeastern Great Britain and Ireland. Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. As to the territorial limits of Europe, they may seem relatively clear on its seaward flanks, but many island groups far to the north and westSvalbard, the Faroes, Iceland, and the Madeira and Canary islandsare considered European, while Greenland (though tied politically to Denmark) is conventionally allocated to North America. Some of these facts about Europe are newer than others. Developed countries, however, are also facing economic challenges. The European Union created a $957 billion rescue package for the EU economy, primarily for countries that had unsustainable debt rates. The continent, excluding Russia, contains less than one-tenth of the total population of the world, but in general its people are well educated and highly skilled. These camps were mostly populated by Roma, also called Gypsies. These ideas have been tested during times of peace and military conflict, and continue to be redefined today.Historic IssuesEuropes early political history can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome, both of which profoundly affected how Western civilizations govern their territories and citizens.Described as the birthplace of democracy, ancient Greece revolved around the polis, or city-state. 2. Critics argue the move was racist.Future IssuesAn important predictor of Europes political and economic future is its efforts to minimize the effects of climate change.Europe is often seen as a world leader in environmentally friendly technologies and legislation. To read all future answers to your comment, please bookmark this page. Trees also grow in that southernmost region, including the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), cypress, and cork oak (Quercus suber). Luxembourg is a small country located in the Low Countries, part of North-West Europe It borders Belgium for 148 kilometres (92 miles) to the west and north, France (73 km [45 mi]) to the south, and Germany (138 km [86 mi]) to the east. Let's take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. Manmade features such as roads, dams, and cities may also be included. The Holocaust was the mass murder of Jews under the Nazi regime. The financial crisis is defined by debt and high unemployment. Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. Of the top 10 largest lakes in Europe, 6 are in Russia, although 1 partly sits in Estonia. Only hill masses less than 800 feet (240 metres) in height rise gently within the Russian (East European) Plain, which continues northward into Finland, westward into the North European Plain, and southward in the Romanian, Bulgarian, and Hungarian plains. Europe, second smallest of the worlds continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the worlds total land area. Imperialism is a policy that has been used throughout history, most notably by European powers and the United States. Por favor, active JavaScript. In order to distinguish herds, families and communities developed a pattern of cuts and notches on the animals ears.Reindeer were also the Samis main method of transporting goods during their nomadic journeys. The overall population of Europe is set to drop from roughly 590 million to 542 million by 2050. Topography studies the . Italy is separated from the Balkans by the Adriatic Sea, and from Iberia by the Mediterranean Sea, which also separates Europe from Africa. I think this makes it easy to assume they are not part of continental Europe. [further explanation needed], The longest rivers in Europe, directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins, with their approximate lengths:[4][5]. The spacious eastern steppes and, to the west and north, primeval forests as yet only marginally touched by human occupancy further underlined environmental contrasts. France is known for being a world power and has been an economic and cultural center of Europe for hundreds of years. Automobile companies such as BMW, Mercedes, and Audi are known throughout the world for creating cars with dynamic designs and an engaging driving experience. (South of Northern Ireland is the separate country of Ireland, which gained its independence from the U.K. in 1937.) These physical features allowed for early communication, travel, and agricultural development. A landlocked country of towering mountains, deep Alpine lakes, grassy valleys dotted with . Only Oceania has less landmass. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The city is home to the headquarters of luxury brands such as Valentino, Gucci, Versace, and Prada. The landlocked countries in Europe are: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo, Liechtenstein (which is doubly landlocked), Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Vatican City. The climate supports a wide variety of seasonal crops. In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. It is home to many navigable rivers, including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and Vistula. Related topics are discussed in such articles as those on religion (e.g., Judaism and Roman Catholicism) and literature (e.g., Greek literature; Dutch literature; and Spanish literature). Most Greek gods and goddesses are representations of the active physical elements that made up the local landscape. Russia is Europe's largest country. Gouffre Mirolda is the 3rd deepest cave in the world after Krubera Cave and Illyuzia-Mezhonnogo-Snezhnaya Cave, both in Georgia (former Soviet Republic). As part of an international agreement signed at the conference, all 27 member states of the European Union agreed to reduce carbon emissions by 20 percent by 2020 (from 1990 levels).The EU also notified the UN of a conditional offer to increase this cut to 30 percent, provided that other major emitters agree to take on their fair share of a global reduction effort. This conditional offer illustrates the tension that was present at the conference between developed countries high carbon emissions and developing countries low or rising carbon use. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south.Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in Northern Europe. 1. The creation of the European Economic Community in 1957 and the EU in 1993 greatly enhanced economic cooperation between many of the continents countries. The language survives in Switzerland because of the remote location of its native speakers.Contemporary CulturesEuropes rich and diverse cultural heritage continues to flourish today. Europe is sometimes called a "peninsula of peninsulas", to draw attention to the fact that Europe is a relatively small, elongated appendage to Asia, and that a large part of Europe is made up of peninsulas. The worn-down Ural Mountains also belong in that category, and their highest point, Mount Narodnaya (6,217 feet [1,895 metres]), corresponds approximately to that of the Massif Central in south-central France. Europe's highest peak, Mount Elbrus at 5,642 meters (18,510 feet), is in the Caucasus Mountains of Russia. Topography is the study of the Earth's surface. Fast Facts: France Official Name: French Republic Capital: Paris Population: 67,364,357 (2018) Note: This figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233 The United States and the Soviet Union built up huge nuclear arsenals, with many missiles aimed at targets throughout Europe. When it comes to geographical facts about Europe, and in particular the mountains, most people will assume that the names at the top of the list will be the famous Mont Blanc or the Matterhorn. Lake Ladoga is the worlds 14th largest lake by area, and Russia also has the deepest lake in the world Lake Baikal. Please enable JavaScript. Kazakhstan. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia ); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. All rights reserved. This map shows the physical features of Europe, surrounding lands, and offshore areas. Today, this cultural wealth is used to solidify the European Community and is exported to the rest of the world as one of the continents greatest global assets.Historic CulturesIndigenous cultures shaped, and were shaped by, the varied geography of Europe. 5. Europes largest and longest river is the Volga. A study completed by the Berlin Institute for Population and Development found that Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, western Germany, Switzerland, Slovenia, Austria, and France have the best prospects of supporting vibrant and economically successful societies. The highest points reached in Norway and Sweden are, respectively, Galdh Peak (8,100 feet [2,469 metres]) and Mount Kebne (6,926 feet [2,111 metres]). The Apennines, Dinaric Alps, and Balkan Mountains, as well as the arc-shaped Carpathian Mountains and their southern portion, the Transylvanian Alps, also exhibit high elevations. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Some reindeer herds have a home range of up to 5,000 square kilometers (1,930 square miles). 7 Fun and Fashionable DIY Animal Ears That You Should Make Look like a Fashionista by Color Coordinate Your Outfits like a Pro Introverts Vs Extroverts Which One Are You. Kazakhstan and Russia are in Asia. Important highlands in this region include the Massif Central and the Vosges in France, the Ardennes of Belgium, the Black Forest and the Taunus in Germany, and the Ore and Sudeten in the Czech Republic. Ancient Greeks believed it was the home of the gods. Milan is also home to important European fashion magazines, such as Grazia, Vogue Italia, and Vera.German automotive design has a global reputation for excellence and prestige. By the 7th and 8th centuries, Sweden was known for its trade but in the 9th century, the Vikings raided the region and much of Europe. Only North Korea has such high literacy rates as Ukraine. Latin, the language of Rome, evolved into French in the western region, and Italian in the south. These revolutions eventually lead to the end of the Cold War, symbolized by the falling of the Berlin Wall in 1989.Contemporary IssuesEurope is now broadly defined in the context of the European Union (EU), an economic and political body officially created by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993. They created clothing and tents out of reindeer hides, sewing together the cloth with twine made from the animals tendons.Keeping track of herds and individual animals became increasingly important in Sami life. East of the Vistula River, Europes expansive lowlands have something of the scale and character of those of northern Asia. The low starting elevation makes the Volga a slow flowing river. Note: Italy's capital, Rome, is the country's largest city if only the municipality (comune) is considered. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europes physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Today, Europe is home to the citizens of Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland), and Vatican City.Cultural GeographyEurope has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. 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