Just triggers a click event on the DOM element: You can use this for plain-vanilla boxes that have not been overly enhanced by JavaScript. You can imagine how this greatly simplifies setting up tests for boundary conditions. 5 var SimpleDateFormat = Java.type('java.text.SimpleDateFormat'); } The results of the first call are cached, and any future calls will simply return the cached result instead of executing the JavaScript function (or feature) again and again. """, # * match cat == { name: '#ignore', type: '#regex . Any valid XPath expression is allowed on the left-hand-side of a match statement. Here are some examples: Now that we have seen how JSON is a native data type that Karate understands, there is a very nice way to create JSON using Cucumbers support for expressing data-tables. Git) to ignore karate-config-*.js if needed. The solution is to ensure that when Karate tests run, the JVM file.encoding is set to UTF-8. This is actually the intent most of the time and is convenient. When JavaScript executes in Karate, the built-in karate object provides some commonly used utility functions. var date = new java.util.Date(); A special case of embedded expressions can remove a JSON key (or XML element / attribute) if the expression evaluates to null. And yes, you can use variable expressions from karate-config.js. math A callonce is ideally used for only pure JSON. Defining the request is mandatory if you are using an HTTP method that expects a body such as post. There are two types of code that can be call-ed. The first takes a single boolean argument - whether to accept or cancel. If you want to perform API testing but you dont have knowledge of any programming language then you should choose Karate framework to perform API testing. Since the karate object is injected within karate-config.js on start-up, it is a simple and effective way for other processes within the same JVM to pass configuration values to Karate at run-time. Pay attention to the fact that the includes() function you see in the above example - is pure JavaScript. If you get stuck trying to align the search path, especially if the origin is a small chunk of text that is aligned right or left - try near(). And the JSON will still be well-formed, and editable in your IDE or text-editor. Multiple fields can be set in one step using multipart fields. Keep in mind that: Will actually attempt to evaluate the given string as JavaScript within the browser. The method signature of the assertTrue has flipped around a bit. And you can consider a driverTarget approach for complex needs such as using a Docker container for CI. Note how JS functions defined at run-time can be mixed with custom Java code to get things done. You can even use a regular-expression so that instead of checking for equality, Karate will just validate that the actual value conforms to the expected pattern. This is useful because the moment you use a wildcard [*] or search filter in JsonPath (see the next section), you get an array back - even though typically you would only be interested in the first item. You can selectively re-direct some HTTP requests that the browser makes - into a Karate test-double ! The default is 30000 (30 seconds). And you can even handle asynchronous flows such as listening to message-queues. The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. Now it should be clear how Karate makes it easy to express JSON or XML. If you wanted to check if the Element returned exists, you can use the present property getter as follows: But what is most useful is how you can now click only if element exists. You can skip this section and jump straight to the Syntax Guide if you are in a hurry to get started with Karate. Note that more builder methods are available from the Runner.Builder class such as reportDir() etc. When you have a sequence of HTTP calls that need to be repeated for multiple test scripts, Karate allows you to treat a *.feature file as a re-usable unit. Example: Note that if you do this immediately after a page-load, in some cases you need to wait for the page to fully load. They seamlessly fit in-line within your test script. Refer to this for the complete example: schema-like.feature. You usually wont need this, but the second-last line above shows how the karate object can be used to evaluate JsonPath if the filter expression depends on a variable. This is preferred because it takes care of situations such as if the value is undefined in JavaScript. A good example is when you have the expected data available as ready-made JSON but it is in a different shape from the actual data or HTTP response. It will inject all top-level keys of the JSON file into the Karate context as global variables. 2 When you use Karate, all your data assertions can be done in pure JSON and without needing a thick forest of companion Java objects. You can find more examples here: xml.feature. So an additional rule in the above flow of rules (before the first step) is as follows: Karate scripts are technically in Gherkin format - but all you need to grok as someone who needs to test web-services are the three sections: Feature, Background and Scenario. a login flow) into a common feature that can be called from multiple test-scripts. You could use it for hard-coded absolute paths in dev mode, but is obviously not recommended for CI test-suites. Below are the capabilities of Karate UI. You can now use Karates core API and call chained methods. Here is an example: binary.feature. Here is an example: You can see the structure of the data here: kittens.json. { id: 23, name: 'Bob' }, Note that karate.signal() (described as part of the listen keyword) will be called internally and the listenResult will be the payload contents of the selected message. Sending a file as the entire binary request body is easy (note that multipart is different): The HTTP verb - get, post, put, delete, patch, options, head, connect, trace. You can call send() on the returned object to send a message. This mechanism works by calling configure cookies behind the scenes and if you need to stop auto-adding cookies for future requests, just do this: Also refer to the built-in variable responseCookies for how you can access and perform assertions on cookie data values. So we use the same Gherkin syntax - but the similarity ends there. to avoid constant failures due to loading animations), """ For e.g. You just need to do a normal POST (or GET). Note: In GET API request, we do not need to provide the body (payload). (Also added cucumber plugin and restart the eclipse). Hot Network Questions Note how we unpack the kittens and use it to data drive the Scenario Outline. """, # very useful for validating a response against a schema "super-set", * match karate.filterKeys(response, 'b', 'c') == { c, * match karate.filterKeys(response, ['a', 'b']) == { a, # generate a range of numbers as a json array, """ Karate has a very useful payload templating approach. Simple arrays of strings or numbers can be stripped of duplicates using karate.distinct(). Note how karate.set() and karate.remove() below are used directly as a script statement. It is one of the great tool for API testing. All the methods that return the following Java object types are chain-able. Just like script(), but will perform the script eval() on all matching elements (not just the first) - and return the results as a JSON array / list. Example: In an application testing if we are login the application in each scenario then we can put the login scenario under background. let's see few examples below: Locating an element using ID of the element And input ('#user-name',UIApp_username) And input ('#password',UIApp_password) Locating an element using CSS of the element Final word, Bookmark this post Karate Frameworkfor future reference. It validates the entire payload in one step and checks if the kittens array contains all the expected items but in any order. And you dont need to line-up an assortment of shell-scripts to do all these things. Karate is an external domain-specific language based on Gherkin language to create API, Web UI, and Desktop UI tests. = . There is also a variant of Scenario called Scenario Outline along with Examples, useful for data-driven tests. For JSON and XML files, Karate will evaluate any embedded expressions on load. Note that if you tag Examples like this, and if a tag selector is used when running a given Feature - only the Examples that match the tag selector will be executed. This results in easily understandable one-liners, only at the point of need, and to anyone reading the test - it will be clear as to where extra waits have been applied. sleep time in milliseconds, relevant only for. Although rarely needed, variable references or expressions are also supported: This is a shortcut to assert the HTTP response code. all All you need is available in the karate-core artifact. It is always start with Question mark (?). So you can do things like right-click and run a *.feature file (or scenario) without needing to use a JUnit runner. This will fail the test if the element does not appear after the configured number of re-tries have been attempted. Karate supports JUnit 5 and the advantage is that you can have multiple methods in a test-class. Note that forcing Scenario-s to run in a particular sequence is an anti-pattern, and should be avoided as far as possible. Also refer to the wiki for using Karate with Gradle. GET Example 2: In the Given section we are using path/query parameter. """, "function(e){ return getComputedStyle(e)['font-size'] }", # this shorter version is equivalent to the above, # get text for all elements that match css selector, # now you can have multiple steps refer to "e", # find all elements with the text-content "Click Me", # perform some API calls and initialize the value of "token". Refer to the section on XPath Functions for examples of advanced XPath usage. Karate has enhanced the Cucumber Scenario Outline as follows: These are best explained with examples. So you can compare 2 JSON (or XML) payloads if you wanted to: If you are wondering about the finer details of the match syntax, the Left-Hand-Side has to be either a. So instead of doing this: You should prefer this form, which is more readable: Note that to navigate to a new address you can use driver - which is more concise. Only 1 import is needed, and instead of a class-level annotation, you use a nice DRY and fluent-api to express which tests and tags you want to use. The {} and {^} locator-prefixes are designed to make finding an HTML element by text content super-easy. This is useful in any situation where you need to concatenate dynamic string fragments to form content such as GraphQL or SQL. A few points to note: Note that only variables and configuration settings will be passed. 12341234 If the machine where you are running Karate is not the same as your target host (e.g. To support all the various options such as Docker, headless Chrome, cloud-providers etc., Karate introduces the concept of a pluggable Target where you just have to implement two methods: start(): The Map returned will be used as the generated driver configuration. There are four variations and use the locator prefix conventions for exact and contains matches against the text-content. That said, if you really need to implement conditional checks, this can be one pattern: And this is another, using karate.call(). For a detailed discussion on BDD and how Karate relates to Cucumber, please refer to this blog-post: Yes, Karate is not true BDD. So even if your next step is the ENTER key, you can do this: Karate will do the best it can to detect a page change and wait for the load to complete before proceeding to any step that follows. Conditionally making a test fail is easy with karate.fail(). Step 2: Add feature and scenario description. If the request is for /api/*, the first Scenario matches - else the last one is a catch all. Karate makes re-use of payload data, utility-functions and even other test-scripts as easy as possible. Typically right-clicking on the file in the project browser or even within the editor view would bring up the Run as JUnit Test menu option. ] And as a testing framework, Karate discourages tests that give different results on every run. Use this for building multipart named (form) field requests. It is based on Cucumber and uses the Gherkin Syntax. But you can choose a single test to run like this: When your Java test runner is linked to multiple feature files, which will be the case when you use the recommended parallel runner, you can narrow down your scope to a single feature, scenario or directory via the command-line, useful in dev-mode. name: 'John', Karate is flexible, you can easily over-write config variables within the Java or JUnit runner - which is very convenient when in dev-mode or rapid-prototyping. The documentation on how to run tests via the command line has an example of how to use tags to decide which tests to not run (or ignore). See also responseStatus if you want to do some complex assertions against the HTTP status code. var squares = []; In addition to fields, boxes are directly supported like this, so internally a find('select') is chained automatically: One reason why you would need near() is because an field may either be on the right or below the label depending on whether the container element had enough width to fit both on the same horizontal line. In such cases it might be desirable to have your tests using karate.logger.debug('your additional info') instead of the print keyword so you can keep logs in your pipeline in INFO. Important: If you attempt to build a URL in the form ?myparam=value by using path the ? You can also re-use other *.feature files from test-scripts: When a called feature depends on some side-by-side resources such as JSON or JS files, you can use the this: prefix to ensure that relative paths work correctly - because by default Karate calculates relative paths from the root feature or the top-most caller. It is best explained via examples. For example, it offers API testing, API testing doubles, and API performance testing all in one framework. Once defined, you can refer to a variable by name. Note that the parallel runner will run Scenario-s in parallel, which means they can run in any order. Some third-party report-server solutions integrate with Karate such as ReportPortal.io. The steps which are defined under background will run before each and every scenario for a feature file. _ > 0' }, # when validation logic is an 'equality' check, an embedded expression works better, Then match temperature contains { fahrenheit, # when the response is binary (byte-array), # incidentally, match and assert behave exactly the same way for strings, # if b can be present (optional) but should always be null, """ See Chrome Java API. If you want to pretty print a JSON or XML value with indenting, refer to the documentation of the print keyword. More examples are available that showcase various ways of parameter-izing and dynamically manipulating SOAP requests in a data-driven fashion. You are free to organize your files using regular Java package conventions. Here are some example assertions performed while scraping a list of child elements out of the JSON below. input: { But again, you can return a JSON object. This is just a convenience short-cut for waitUntil(locator, "_.textContent.includes('" + expected + "')") since it is so frequently needed. Refer to the demos for another example: soap.feature. @smoke @module=one @module=two etc. You have the option to adjust the scope of the match, and here are examples: Note that {:4} can be used as a short-cut instead of {*:4}. Just re-fresh your browser window if you re-run the test. Each item within responseCookies is itself a map-like object. You can easily assign the whole response (or just parts of it using Json-Path or XPath) to a variable, and use it in later steps. As a short-cut, when running JsonPath expressions - $ represents the response. if an API needs to be called to get a JSON array, you can call a separate Scenario to set up this data. Note that there is a top-level config flag for headless mode. 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